Penggunaan Metformin Sebagai Terapi Adjuvan Pada Pasien Kanker Payudara: Literature Review

Sri Rahmat Molidia

doi:10.56359/pharmgen.v5i1.1079

Authors

Sri Rahmat Molidia Universitas Tanjungpura

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56359/pharmgen.v5i1.1079

Keywords:

Metformin, Kanker Payudara, Adjuvan

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Kanker payudara merupakan jenis kanker yang paling sering didiagnosis di dunia dengan sekitar 2,3 juta kasus baru setiap tahun. Perkembangan strategi drug repurposing mendorong pemanfaatan kembali obat yang telah ada untuk indikasi baru dalam terapi kanker. Metformin, obat lini pertama untuk diabetes melitus tipe 2, dilaporkan memiliki potensi aktivitas antikanker dan berpotensi digunakan sebagai terapi tambahan pada kanker payudara.

Tujuan: Kajian literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan merangkum berbagai penelitian mengenai potensi penggunaan metformin sebagai terapi adjuvan pada pasien kanker payudara.

Metode: Kajian literatur ini menggunakan pendekatan seleksi artikel berdasarkan pedoman PRISMA. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada database ScienceDirect terhadap publikasi jurnal penelitian yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2022 hingga 2026 menggunakan kata kunci “metformin”, “breast cancer”, “breast neoplasm”, “treatment”, “therapy”, dan “management”. Artikel yang diinklusi merupakan jurnal internasional yang membahas penggunaan metformin pada kanker payudara dan tersedia dalam bentuk full text. Analisis dilakukan dengan membandingkan persamaan dan perbedaan temuan dari artikel yang diperoleh.

Hasil: Sebanyak enam penelitian diinklusi dalam kajian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metformin berpotensi meningkatkan overall survival pada pasien kanker payudara dengan diabetes, menurunkan risiko kejadian kanker payudara, serta memperbaiki biomarker metabolik seperti estradiol, insulin, leptin, dan HOMA-IR. Studi eksperimental juga menunjukkan bahwa metformin dapat meningkatkan efek antitumor melalui kombinasi dengan terapi target serta menghambat proliferasi sel kanker melalui mekanisme molekuler tertentu.

Kesimpulan:

Metformin memiliki potensi sebagai terapi adjuvan dalam pengobatan kanker payudara melalui berbagai mekanisme biologis dan molekuler serta memberikan implikasi penting dalam bidang kefarmasian, khususnya dalam pengembangan strategi drug repurposing dan optimalisasi terapi kanker.

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