Overview of Cadmium Levels in the Blood of Smoking Gas Station Workers in Comal District, Pemalang Regency
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56359/igj.v4i3.625Keywords:
Cadmium, Gas Station, Active Smoker, Passive Smoker, SSAAbstract
Background & objectives: Cigarettes are addictive substances that contain harmful chemicals, such as nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, acetone, benzene, lead, and cadmium. Cadmium is a heavy metal contained in cigarettes that has a fairly high toxicity. Cadmium that enters the body will accumulate for a long time in the liver and kidneys. In the body, cadmium is absorbed into the bloodstream and then distributed to tissues, where it can bind to various types of molecules, such as proteins, phospholipids, purines, enzymes, and porphyrins. Gas station workers are frequently exposed to vehicle exhaust, which also contains cadmium, originating from vehicle activities such as fuel combustion and the erosion of vehicle components. This study aims to determine the cadmium levels in the blood of respondents who are smokers and work at gas stations in Comal District, Pemalang Regency.
Methods: This study is a descriptive study. Samples were taken using purposive sampling from a population of 17 people, with 9 respondents meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results: Blood sample testing using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) showed that two respondents had cadmium levels of 0.2 µg/dL or below the normal value according to the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), while the other seven respondents had cadmium levels below the LOD (Limit of Detection) on the AAS device.
Conclusion: The cadmium levels were 100% within the normal range. The highest cadmium levels were found in samples S6 and S8, at 0.2 µg/dL.
Downloads
References
Anungsugihantono, N. (2021). Kadar Kadmium ( Cd ) dalam Urine pada Perokok Pasif Levels of Cadmium ( Cd ) in Urine in Passive Smokers. 03(02), 96–103.
Ayuda, L. P. et al. (2019). Hubungan Kadar Kadmium Serum dengan Fungsi Ginjal pada Pekerja Parkir Terminal Arjosari. 190–198.
Bakr, S., Sayed, M. A., Salem, K. M., Morsi, E. M., Masoud, M., & Ezzat, E. M. (2023). Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) blood levels and potential hematological health risk among inhabitants of the claimed hazardous region around Qaroun Lake in Egypt. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16007-w
Candrasari, S., Clarissa, E. C., Kusumawardani, F., Pattymahu, G. C. H., Eugenia, J. F., Cahyadi, L. B., Silvian, V., & Syabanera, N. D. (2023). Pemulihan Dampak Pencemaran Udara Bagi Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia. Professional: Jurnal Komunikasi Dan Administrasi Publik, 10(2), 849–854. https://doi.org/10.37676/professional.v10i2.5417
Dewi, C. H. (2020). Perbedaan Kadar Kadmium (Cd) Dalam Darah Dan Tekanan Darah Pada Pengelas Dan Non Pengelas Di PT. X Surabaya. Jurnal Wiyata, Cd, 110–123.
Dinh, Q. P., Novirsa, R., Jeong, H., Nugraha, W. C., Addai-Arhin, S., Viet, P. H., Tominaga, N., Ishibashi, Y., & Arizono, K. (2021). Mercury, Cadmium, And Lead In Cigarettes From International Markets: Concentrations, Distributions And Absorption Ability Of Filters. Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 46(9), 401–411. https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.46.401
Kemenkes. (2024). Perokok Aktif Di Indonesia Tembus 70 Juta Orang, Mayoritas Anak Muda. In https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/umum/20240529/1545605/perokok-aktif-di-indonesia-tembus-70-juta-orang-mayoritas-anak-muda/.
Nova Florentina Ambarwati, D. (2020). Analisa Perbandingan Kadar Logam Kadmium. IV(Cd), 6.
Organization, W. H. (2021). Report On The Global Tobacco Epidemic 2021: Addressing New and Emerging Products.
Organization, W. H. (2024). Polusi Udara Ambien (luar ruangan). In https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ambient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health.
Qadriyah, L., Moelyaningrum, A. D., & Ningrum, P. T. (2019). Kadar Kadmium Pada Air Sumur Gali Disekitar Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir Sampah (Studi Di Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir Sampah X Kabupaten Jember, Indonesia). BIOLINK (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan Industri Kesehatan), 6(1), 41–49. https://doi.org/10.31289/biolink.v6i1.2400
Qu, F., & Zheng, W. (2024). Cadmium Exposure: Mechanisms and Pathways of Toxicity and Implications for Human Health. Toxics, 12(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12060388
Rosita, B., & Andriyati, F. (2019). Perbandingan Kadar Logam Kadmium (Cd) Dalam Darah Perokok Aktif Dan Pasif Di Terminal Bus. Sainstek : Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi, 11(2), 70. https://doi.org/10.31958/js.v11i2.1576
Ruhimat, U., Mutmainah, R. N., Ramdan, S. R. K., & Firdaus, N. R. (2024). Utilization of Purple Sweet Potato Juice As an Alternative Violet Crystal in Coloring Streptococcus sp Bacteria and Escherichia coli. JURNAL KESEHATAN STIKes MUHAMMADIYAH CIAMIS, 11(2), 149-156.
Satarug S, Garrett SH, Sens MA, S. D. (2017). Cadmium: toxicity and treatment.
Sidebang, R. (2018). Potensi Selulosa Tongkol Jagung (Zea mays) Sebagai Bioabsorben Logam Berat Kadmium (Cd). 6.
Singh, S., & Devi, N. L. (2023). Toxicity: Environmental Concerns, Remediation and Opportunities. 183–207.
Yuhanita, T. F. (2022). Gambaran Kadar Timbal Dalam Darah Sopir Angkot Di Jalan Hos Cokroaminoto Landungsari Pekalongan Timur. 14–15.
Yuniar, F. (2020). Karakterisasi Dan Uji Toleransi Kadmium Pada Isolat Bakteri Pereduksi Sulfat Dari Air Asam Tambang. 15–16.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Khusnul Khotimah, Izza Ratna Kumala
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
