INDOGENIUS

Association of Economic Status, Parental Knowledge, and Parenting Style with Stunting Incidence Among Toddlers at Karawang Health Center, West Karawang District, Karawang Regency, 2025

Krisna Mukti, Sudiono, Saleh Budi Santoso — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background The highest frequency of stunting in the West Java Health Office, according to 2023 data, the overall percentage of stunted children was 19.2% or 968,148 people. The prevalence of stunted toddlers in Karawang Regency was 1.54% (Ministry of Health, 2023). Stunting is caused by several variables, including the education of poor and wealthy parents. Children's nutritional conditions will improve in families with better wages because they will have easier access to health and education services. Stunting may be reduced indirectly by the family's socioeconomic position, including family income, parental education, maternal nutritional expertise, number of family members, and others. Purpose This study aims to determine the relationship between economic status, level of knowledge, and parenting patterns of parents with the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the working area of the Karawang Community Health Center, West Karawang District, Karawang Regency. Method This study uses a descriptive analytical method with a cross-sectional approach. The number of samples was 80 respondents taken using a purposive sampling technique. The research instruments consisted of questionnaires on economic status, knowledge level, parenting patterns, and toddler height measurements. Results: The chi-square test showed a significant relationship between economic status (p = 0.02), knowledge level (p = 0.01), and parenting patterns (p = 0.03) with the incidence of stunting in toddlers. The conclusion of this study is that lower economic status, lower knowledge level, and inappropriate parenting patterns tend to increase the risk of stunting in toddlers. It is hoped that parents will better understand the importance of nutrition and parenting patterns to prevent stunting.

Literature Review : The Application of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in the Analysis of Pharmaceutical Compounds

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is an essential analytical technique used for the separation, identification, and quantification of compound within complex mixtures.This review article examines several research studies discussing the application of HPLC in drug analysis. This review provide an overview of HPLC utilization across various studies, including its technical advantages, analytical challenges in diverse matrices, differences in column and mobile phase selection, variations in sample preparation techniques, detector performance, the influence of flow rate, analytical parameter quality, and method validation evaluation across different drug classes. This review is expected to provide a comprehensive understanding of HPLC application in pharmaceutical analysis and important considerations in developing accurate and reliable analytical methods.

The Relationship Between Family Support and Women's Readiness to Face Menopause

Layli Nur Aulia, Dewi Dolifah, Amanda Puspanditaning Sejati — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Menopause is a natural stage in a woman's life characterized by the permanent cessation of menstruation due to decreased ovarian function. This phase often causes various changes, both physically, psychologically, and emotionally, which can lead to discomfort for women. This study aims to examine the relationship between family support and women's readiness to face menopause. Method: This research is a quantitative study with a correlational analytic design. The research population consisted of women aged 45–55 years, with a sample size of 82 respondents selected using cluster sampling technique. The research instruments included a family support questionnaire by Nursalam, which had been declared valid (r table 0.336) and reliable (Cronbach’s Alpha 0.9453), as well as a questionnaire on women's readiness for menopause adapted from Agustina, which had been declared valid (r table 0.361) and reliable (Cronbach’s Alpha 0.886). The data were presented in the form of frequency distribution through univariate analysis and analyzed bivariately using the Spearman Rank test. Result: The study results indicate a significant relationship between family support and women's readiness to face menopause, with a correlation coefficient of 0.406 and a p-value <0.001, showing a moderate strength and a positive direction of the relationship. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the higher the family support provided, especially instrumental and emotional support, the better a woman's readiness to face menopause.

The Use of Gas Chromatography in the Analysis of Pharmaceutical Compounds: A Literature Review

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: This review examines key advancements and applications of gas chromatography in pharmaceutical drug analysis by exploring innovations in instrumentation, sample-preparation strategies, and analytical performance across biological and non-biological matrices. The primary objective is to summarize recent progress in GC, GC-MS, and GC-MS/MS technologies and evaluate their effectiveness in detecting volatile and semi-volatile compounds, impurities, residual solvents, and degradation products. Method: A systematic search of indexed literature from 2015 to 2025 was performed using predefined inclusion criteria involving thematic relevance, completeness of data, and the direct application of GC methods. Result: Findings indicate that column selection, detector type, extraction approaches, and derivatization techniques markedly influence sensitivity, linearity, and quantification accuracy for analytes such as sibutramine, favipiravir, diclofenac, volatile anesthetics, cannabinoids, and phytochemicals. The discussion highlights that hybrid technologies, precise temperature programming, and optimized sample clean-up substantially enhance analytical performance. Conclusion: The review concludes that gas chromatography remains a critical analytical platform for pharmaceutical quality control and drug-stability evaluation across research and clinical settings.

Systematic Review: The Use of FTIR Spectroscopy for Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herbal Medicine, and the Identification of Chemical Compounds

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is a vibrational spectroscopic technique widely used to identify functional groups and characterize molecular structures based on infrared absorption patterns. This literature review aims to evaluate the application of FTIR in pharmaceutical and herbal analysis, particularly for identifying active pharmaceutical ingredients, detecting adulterants, characterizing secondary metabolites, and determining drug content in pharmaceutical preparations. Method: This review employed a systematic literature review approach, including database searching, article screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and narrative synthesis of qualitative and quantitative findings from 21 selected studies related to FTIR applications in pharmaceutical and herbal products. Result: The reviewed studies demonstrated that FTIR provides rapid, nondestructive, and environmentally friendly analysis with minimal sample preparation. FTIR showed excellent linearity, accuracy, and precision for quantitative analysis, with results comparable to standard analytical methods. In addition, FTIR was effective in detecting adulterants such as paracetamol and dexamethasone in herbal medicines through characteristic fingerprint peaks. The technique also showed broad applicability for routine quality control in pharmaceuticals and herbal products. Conclusion: FTIR is a versatile, rapid, and green analytical technique suitable for screening, qualitative identification, and simple quantitative analysis in pharmaceutical and herbal products. Although FTIR has limitations, including lower sensitivity compared to chromatographic methods and signal overlap in complex matrices, it remains a reliable and practical tool for routine quality control applications.

Parental Readiness: The Relationship Between Knowledge and Emotional Well-Being in Mothers

Sintia Agita Putri, Riski Hediya Putri — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Pregnancy is an important phase that requires comprehensive readiness, including physical, emotional, and knowledge aspects, to prepare for the role of parenthood. Pre-survey findings indicated unpreparedness in emotional, financial, and knowledge aspects, which may affect the parenting process after childbirth. This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge factors and the emotional condition of pregnant women with readiness for parenthood at RSU Mitra Mulia Husada. Methods: This study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 38 pregnant women selected using a purposive sampling technique. The study was conducted from October 1 to October 30, 2025, at RSU Mitra Mulia Husada. Data analysis was performed using the Gamma test. Results: The results showed that the majority of respondents had a high level of knowledge (52.6%) and moderate readiness for parenthood (55.3%), while most respondents also had a moderate level of emotional readiness (63.2%). Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between knowledge and readiness for parenthood with a p-value = 0.000. Meanwhile, emotional condition showed no significant relationship with readiness for parenthood with a p-value = 0.684. Conclusion: These findings indicate that knowledge readiness plays a more important role in preparing pregnant women for their new role as parents compared to emotional aspects. Therefore, prenatal education and psychological support need to be strengthened to improve pregnant women’s readiness in carrying out child-rearing responsibilities.

The Correlation Between Workload And Ergonomic Position With The Incidence Of Low Back Pain In Nurses At Pringsewu Regional Public Hospital

Novita Putri Hardiyati, Rizki Yeni Wulandari, Yunina Elasari, Ardinata — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: To determine the "Relationship Correlation Workload And Ergonomic Position With The Incidence Of Low Back Pain In Nurses At Pringsewu Regional Public Hospital".

Method: The study used a quantitative method with a descriptive correlational design and a cross-sectional approach. The study population was all nurses in the inpatient ward. A sample of 62 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected using the Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling technique. The research instruments used were the Workload questionnaire, the Ergonomic Position questionnaire, and the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (QBPDS). Data analysis was performed using the Gamma test.

Result: The results of the study showed a significant relationship between workload and the incidence of low back pain (p = 0.001). There was also a significant relationship between ergonomic position and the incidence of low back pain (p = 0.001).

Conclusion: It was concluded that workload and ergonomic position can influence the incidence of low back pain in nurses.

Differences in Family Support for Childbirth Preparation Among Pregnant Women in Urban and Rural Areas

Khoula Shofil Hasanah, Emi Lindayani, Ida Nurhidayah — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Childbirth preparation is an important aspect in reducing the risk of pregnancy complications and maternal and infant mortality, with family support playing a role in the physical and psychological readiness and decision-making of pregnant women. Differences in the characteristics of urban and rural areas have the potential to influence the form and level of family support received by pregnant women. This study aims to analyze differences in family support for childbirth preparation among pregnant women in urban and rural areas of Sumedang Regency.

Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on 210 pregnant women, consisting of 105 respondents from urban areas and 105 respondents from rural areas. The sampling technique used proportionate stratified random sampling. The research instrument was a family support questionnaire covering informational, evaluative, instrumental, and emotional dimensions. Data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Result: The majority of respondents showed good family support, with a higher proportion in urban areas (76.19%) than in rural areas (67.62%). The average value of family support in urban areas was higher than in rural areas. The bivariate test showed a statistically significant difference in family support between the two areas (p <0.05).

Conclusion: Regional characteristics influence variations in family support for childbirth preparation among pregnant women.

Analysis of Nurse Competence in Prevention of Nosocomial Infections in Inpatient Ward Umar Wirahadikusumah Hospital

Jesika Theresia Sagala, Iyos Sutresna, Heri Ridwan — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Nosocomial infections are an important indicator of hospital service quality because they increase morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay, and healthcare costs. The success of nosocomial infection prevention is closely related to nurses’ competencies, including knowledge, skills, attitudes, and professional behavior. This study aimed to analyze nurses’ competencies in the successful prevention of nosocomial infections in the inpatient wards of RSUD Umar Wirahadikusumah Sumedang.

Method: This study used a descriptive quantitative design with a survey approach. The population consisted of nurses working in the inpatient wards, with 134 nurses selected as samples using stratified random sampling techniques. Data were collected using an infection prevention and control competency questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data were presented in the form of frequency distributions and analyzed using univariate analysis to describe the level of nurses’ competencies.

Result: The findings showed that nurses’ competencies in preventing nosocomial infections were generally categorized as high, indicating that nurses possessed adequate competence to support infection prevention efforts in the inpatient wards.

Conclusion: The study concludes that nurses’ competencies play an important role in supporting the successful prevention of nosocomial infections in inpatient care settings.

Nurses’ Perceptions of Deep Breathing Therapy for Angina Pectoris Patients at RSUD Umar Wirahadikusumah: A Phenomenological Study

Prinsesa Mutiara Adam, Diding Kelana Setiadi, Ayu Prameswari Kusuma Astuti — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Angina pectoris is a common clinical manifestation of coronary heart disease that causes chest pain and discomfort, requiring comprehensive nursing management. Deep breathing therapy is a non-pharmacological nursing intervention that may help reduce pain and improve patient comfort. This study aimed to explore nurses’ perceptions regarding the application of deep breathing therapy in patients with angina pectoris. A qualitative study with a transcendental phenomenological approach was conducted in the High Care Cardiac Unit of a regional public hospital in Indonesia. Five nurses were recruited as participants using a snowball sampling technique. Data were collected through face-to-face, in-depth interviews guided by semi-structured questions. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using Creswell’s spiral data analysis combined with Moustakas’ phenomenological analysis steps to identify meaningful themes. The findings indicated that nurses perceived deep breathing therapy as a simple, safe, and independent nursing intervention that could be flexibly applied according to patients’ clinical conditions. The therapy was mainly used for patients with mild to moderate chest pain and was perceived to promote relaxation, reduce anxiety, and enhance patient comfort. However, nurses also reported several limitations, including reduced effectiveness in patients with severe pain, unstable hemodynamic conditions, heavy nursing workload, and the absence of specific clinical guidelines. In conclusion, deep breathing therapy is perceived by nurses as a beneficial supportive intervention in the management of angina pectoris, highlighting the need for the development of standardized guidelines and further strengthening of non-pharmacological nursing practices in cardiovascular care.

The Effect of Dhikr Therapy on Anxiety Levels in the Elderly at UPT PSTW husnul Khotimah, Riau Province

Nurdian Sasmita, Suci Amin, Tengku Isni Yuli Lestari Putri, Rahmaniza — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Anxiety is a common psychological problem among the elderly that can reduce quality of life if left unmanaged. Dhikr therapy is a non-pharmacological spiritual intervention that may help alleviate anxiety.

Methode: This study aimed to determine the effect of dhikr therapy on anxiety levels among elderly individuals at UPT PSTW Husnul Khotimah, Riau Province. A quantitative pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was used with 61 elderly respondents selected through purposive sampling. Anxiety levels were measured using the Indonesian version of the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS). Dhikr therapy was administered for three consecutive days, and data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.

Result: The results showed a significant reduction in anxiety levels after the intervention (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: In conclusion, dhikr therapy is effective in reducing anxiety among the elderly and can be applied as a non-pharmacological nursing intervention in elderly care settings.

The Relationship Between Knowledge and Perceptions of the Disease and Medication Adherence Among Elderly Patients with PRB Hypertension in the Service Area of the Cimalaka Community Health Center

Mutiara Sari Nur Hasanah, Diding Kelana Setiadi, Sri Wulan Lindasari — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Hypertension is a common chronic non-infectious disease, or noncommunicable disease (NCD), among the elderly and is often referred to as a “silent killer” because its symptoms are rarely apparent. Although the Referral-Back Program (PRB) is available, adherence to antihypertensive medication among the elderly remains a challenge. This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge and disease perception and medication adherence among elderly hypertensive patients in the Referral Back Program within the Cimalaka Community Health Center (Puskesmas) service area.

Method: This study employed a quantitative correlational method with a cross-sectional design, involving 46 respondents selected through accidental sampling. Data collection in this study was conducted using the Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS) questionnaire to assess knowledge levels, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) to evaluate illness perception, and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) to assess medication adherence. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using the Spearman’s rho correlation test to determine the relationship between variables

Result: The results of the Spearman’s rho test showed no significant association between knowledge and medication adherence (r = 0.176; p = 0.241) or between illness perception and medication adherence (r = 0.259; p = 0.082).

Conclusion: It can be concluded that no significant association was found between knowledge levels and perceptions of the disease and medication adherence among elderly patients with hypertension participating in the Referral-Back Program in the service area of the Cimalaka Community Health Center.

The Relationship Maternal Support and The Habit Of Prone In Children Aged 0-3 Months

Trisha Kania Sugandi, Iis Aisyah, Heri Ridwan — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Children aged 0-3 months represents a critical period for child development, especially in the acquisition of gross motor skills. One recommended form of early stimulation during this stage is the prone position or tummy time, which plays an essential role in strengthening the neck, back, and shoulder muscles and supporting the achievement of subsequent developmental milestones. The successful implementation of tummy time is strongly influenced by maternal support as the primary caregiver, encompassing emotional, instrumental, informational, and appraisal support. This study aimed to examine the relationship between maternal support and tummy time habits among infants aged 0-3 months in Mekarjaya Village, North Sumedang District. A quantitative approach with a correlational design was employed. The study sample consisted of 72 mothers with infants aged 0-3 months, selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using validated and reliable questionnaires measuring maternal support and tummy time habits. Statistical analysis was conducted using Pearson’s correlation test. The findings revealed that most mothers demonstrated a very high level of support, while infants’ tummy time habits were predominantly categorized as good and very good. Bivariate analysis indicated a significant and very strong positive relationship between maternal support and tummy time habits (p < 0.001; r = 0.797), suggesting that higher levels of maternal support are associated with more optimal tummy time practices. These results highlight the crucial role of maternal involvement in promoting early motor stimulation. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare professionals enhance educational and guidance programs for mothers regarding the importance of regular and appropriate tummy time practices to support optimal motor development in early infancy.

The Relationship Between the Severity of Head Injury and Acute Non-Epileptic Seizures in Head Injury Patients at Umar Wirahadikusumah Regional General Hospital

Pasha Aprillya Andriansyah, Hikmat Pramajati, Heri Ridwan — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Head injury is a serious health problem that can cause neurological complications, including acute non-epileptic seizures. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the severity of head injury and the occurrence of acute non-epileptic seizures in patients with head injury at Umar Wirahadikusumah Regional General Hospital.

Method: This study applied a quantitative cross-sectional retrospective design. The population included all head injury patients recorded in medical records from 2024 to 2025. A total 159 samples were selected using purposive sampling techniques from patients with mild, moderate, or severe head injury without a previous history of epilepsy. The research instrument was a medical record review sheet. Head injury severity assessed using the Glasgow coma scale score served as the independent variable, while acute non-epileptic seizures were the dependent variable. Data were presented descriptively and analyzed using the Spearman’s correlation test.

Result: The results showed a statistically significant relationship between the severity of head injury and the occurrence of acute non-epileptic seizures, with a probability value less than 0.001 and a correlation coefficient of 0.477, indicating a positive relationship with moderate strength.

Conclusion: The severity of head injury is significantly associated with the occurrence of acute non-epileptic seizures, highlighting the importance of early neurological assessment and increased clinical vigilance in patients with head injury, particularly in emergency care settings.

The Relationship Between Workload and Motivation with Nurses' Turnover Intention at Gladish Medical Center Hospital

Tri Sundari, Yunina Elasari — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Turnover is a problem that occurs both globally and nationally. In 2020, the nurse turnover rate reached 19.5%. Several countries have also reported high levels of turnover intention, including Belgium (30%), Finland (49%), Germany (36%), Ireland (44%), the Netherlands (19%), Norway (25%), Poland (44%), Spain (27%), Switzerland (28%), and the United Kingdom (44%). Workload and work motivation are known to influence turnover intention. This study aimed to determine the relationship between workload and motivation with turnover intention among nurses at Gladish Medical Center General Hospital. Method: This quantitative research used a cross-sectional design with a total sample of 41 nurses, conducted in August 2025. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Gamma test. Result: The univariate results showed that turnover intention was mostly in the moderate category (80.5%), workload in the moderate category (85.4%), and work motivation in the moderate category (61.0%). The bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between workload and turnover intention (p-value = 0.011) and between work motivation and turnover intention (p-value = 0.009). Conclusion: It is recommended that hospital management adjust job descriptions and task allocation to remain within reasonable limits to reduce the risk of turnover intention among nurses.

Impact of Cohb Exposure on Diabetes Mellitus Incidence in Tanjung Sari Village

Estikho Maharani, Sutrisno — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease whose prevalence continues to rise in Indonesia. Based on routine Puskesmas reports, there has been an increase in the number of patient visits with DM-related complaints over the past two years, with individuals with metabolic risk factors and certain environmental exposures tending to dominate this group. Furthermore, Tanjung Sari Village is located close to busy traffic routes and household combustion activities, which have the potential to increase carbon monoxide (CO) exposure, potentially leading to increased carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels in the community, even though the majority are non-smokers. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between COHb levels and the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Tanjung Sari Village, within the Tanjung Sari Natar Community Health Center (Puskesmas). Method: This study used a quantitative cross-sectional design. The population was 53 DM patients aged 12-30 years seeking treatment at the Tanjung Sari Natar Community Health Center (Puskesmas). The sample used was a purposive sampling method. This research was conducted in August 2025. Data collection was conducted using observation sheets and data analysis using a computer program, with the Gamma test used for analysis. Result: The results of the study revealed a significant relationship between COHB levels and the incidence of diabetes in Tanjung Sari Village, within the Tanjung Sari Natar Community Health Center (Puskesmas) in 2025, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The conclusion is that there is a relationship between COHB levels and the incidence of diabetes. The Community Health Center can conduct regular education to the community about the dangers of CO exposure and its relationship to metabolic diseases, including diabetes.

The Relationship Between Knowledge, Attitudes, and Pocket Money and Food Safety Behavior Among Students at Mulyasari Patokbeusi Public Elementary School in 2025

Ajay Rana, Sudiono, Saleh Budi Santoso — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Food is a basic necessity that must meet safety standards to be safe for consumption and not pose a health risk. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with food safety behavior among students at SDN Mulyasari Patokbeusi in 2025. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional design was used, involving 97 respondents selected via purposive random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using the Chi-square test. Result: The results indicate that attitude has a significant association with food safety behavior (p = 0.014; OR = 4.154; 95% CI: 1.284–13.441). Knowledge did not show a significant relationship (p = 0.613; OR = 1.292; 95% CI: 0.476–3.504), nor did pocket money (p = 1.000; OR = 1.158; 95% CI: 0.285–4.708). Conclusion: These findings indicate that students’ attitudes play a greater role in determining food safety behavior than knowledge and the amount of pocket money they have.

The Effect of Early Mobilization on Improved Motor Function in Patients with Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke in the Neurology Ward of Jenderal Ahmad Yani General Hospital, Metro City

Diah Nur Isnaini, M. Farhan Al Farisi — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: A stroke is a disruption of brain function caused by a blockage in blood flow to the brain (non-hemorrhagic stroke), resulting in tissue damage and impaired motor function. One effective nursing intervention to accelerate the recovery of motor function is early mobilization, which involves gradually moving the patient once their hemodynamic condition has stabilized. Early mobilization has been shown to prevent complications of immobility, increase muscle strength, and improve body movement coordination in stroke patients. This study aims to determine the effect of early mobilization on improving motor function in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients in the Neurology Ward of Jenderal Ahmad Yani General Hospital, Metro City. Method: This study is a pre-experimental study using a one-group pre-test post-test design. The sample consisted of 58 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted using a motor function observation sheet before and after early mobilization. Data analysis utilized the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Result: The results indicated that prior to early mobilization, the majority of respondents (51 respondents, 87.9%) had moderate motor function, whereas after early mobilization, the majority (41 respondents, 70.7%) remained in the moderate category, with improved movement ability in the extremities. The Wilcoxon test yielded a p-value of 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating a significant effect of early mobilization on the improvement of motor function in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients. Conclusion: There is a significant association between early mobilization and improved motor function in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients in the Neurology Ward of General Ahmad Yani Regional General Hospital, Metro City. Early mobilization has been proven to help accelerate the rehabilitation process and improve patients’ mobility. It is recommended that nursing staff routinely perform early mobilization according to the patient’s condition as part of standard care for stroke patients.

The Relationship Between Self-Awareness and Blood Pressure Control Compliance in Hypertensive Patients

Riska Febria Putri Lishbet, Hardono — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: The level of compliance among hypertensive patients in Indonesia to undergo routine treatment and blood pressure control is still low. Compliance with blood pressure control in hypertensive patients remains a problem faced until now. Self-awareness in hypertensive patients is one of the factors causing low compliance with routine blood pressure control. This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-awareness and compliance with blood pressure control in hypertensive patients at Batu Ketulis Public Health Center, West Lampung. Method: This research used a quantitative method with an observational analytic design and a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a total sample of 76 hypertensive patients at Batu Ketulis Public Health Center. The measuring instruments used were medical record data and the self-awareness of hypertension questionnaire. Bivariate analysis used the Chi-Square test. Result: The results showed that most respondents had self-awareness, namely 41 people (53.9%), and most respondents were compliant, namely 39 people (51.3%). The Chi-Square test results obtained 0.000 < 0.05 with an odds ratio (OR) value of 51.81. Conclusion: The conclusion is that patients with a good level of self-awareness have a 51.81 times greater chance (odds) of complying with blood pressure control compared to patients with low self-awareness. It is expected that Batu Ketulis Public Health Center can develop an innovative reminder program for control schedules through a WhatsApp gateway to improve self-awareness and compliance among hypertensive patients.

The Relationship Between Body Image and Psychological Well-Being Among Female Adolescents

Rahma Rohadatulaisy, Destria Efliani, Rifa Yanti, Epu Margias Tuti — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Adolescent Female are vulnerable to body image issues due to physical changes and social pressures, which may affect psychological well-being. This study aimed to examine the relationship between body image and psychological well-being among adolescent girls at the Institute of Health and Technology Al Insyirah Pekanbaru. Method: A quantitative correlational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 73 adolescent girls selected through purposive sampling. Body image was measured using the Multidimensional Body Self-Relation Questionnaire (MBSRQ), while psychological well-being was assessed using the 18-item Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale. Data were analyzed using the Spearman rho correlation test. Result: The results showed a significant positive relationship between body image and psychological well-being (r = 0.410; p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that adolescents with a more positive body image tend to have higher psychological well-being.

The Effect of Education on Hand Washing Using Water and Soap with The 6-Step Method on Children at Anugrah Indah Palembang Kindergarten

Ardiyanto, Sherly Widianti — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Infectious diseases remain a serious threat to the health of school-age children and young children because they love to play, both at school and at home. A child's health is influenced by daily behaviors, one of which is hand washing. Based on the results of a preliminary study on October 12, the researcher conducted an interview with the head of Anugrah Indah Palembang Kindergarten and obtained data on children who did not know about the causes of disease transmission. The number of children who did not know the causes of disease transmission was 50 children. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of hand washing education using water and soap with the 6-step method on children at Anugrah Indah Kindergarten in Palembang. Method: This study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-post test design. Result: The results of the assessment before the 6-step hand washing demonstration showed that out of 51 respondents, 2 respondents had good knowledge, 8 respondents had sufficient knowledge, and 40 respondents had poor knowledge. Conclusion: There was an increase in knowledge of the 6-step handwashing method after the demonstration, with 36 respondents having good knowledge, 13 respondents having adequate knowledge, and 1 respondent having poor knowledge.

Factors Associated with Mobilisation in Post-Operative Lapatomy Patients at Urip Sumoharjo Hospital Bandar Lampung in 2025

Sri Wahyuni Iman, Surmasih, Chusairil Pasa — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: The World Health Organisation (WHO) recorded 98 million laparotomy cases in 2022, while Lampung Province had the seventh highest number of laparotomy cases in 2020, accounting for approximately 21.7% of the total number of operations. Urip Sumoharjo Hospital (2024) recorded 3,307 surgical procedures performed throughout 2024, with 630 of them being laparotomy surgeries. However, approximately 35% of post-operative patients did not undergo early mobilisation. This study aims to determine the factors associated with mobilisation in post-laparotomy patients at Urip Sumoharjo Hospital in Bandar Lampung in 2025. Method: The type of research was quantitative with a quantitative design using a cross-sectional approach. Total sampling was used, resulting in 50 respondents. The research was conducted at Urip Sumoharjo Hospital for one month from 2 October to 2 November. The collected data were analysed statistically using the gamma test to examine the relationship between variables. Result: The results of the study indicate a significant relationship between family support, knowledge, motivation (p-value <0.001 (< 0.05) and mobilisation implementation. Conclusion: It can therefore be concluded that family support, knowledge and motivation play an important role in the successful mobilisation of patients. Patients are expected to broaden their understanding of the benefits of mobilisation and maintain high self-motivation in order to routinely increase the frequency of independent movement. In addition, active family involvement is essential as the main support in accompanying patients through the stages recommended by health workers to achieve optimal physical recovery.

The Effect of Islamic Storytelling Audiovisual Therapy on Anxiety Levels in Preschool-Aged Children at Inche Abdoel Moeis Regional General Hospital, Samarinda

Rona Mika, Ni Wayan Wiwin Asthiningsih, Fatma Zulaikha — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Hospitalization frequently triggers anxiety in preschool children due to unfamiliar environments, separation from parents, and exposure to medical procedures that may be perceived as frightening. Anxiety can negatively affect children’s emotional responses, cooperation during care, and recovery process. Therefore, non-pharmacological nursing interventions that are safe and appropriate to the child’s developmental stage are needed. This study aims to analyze the effect of Islamic storytelling audio-visual therapy on anxiety levels in hospitalized preschool children. Method: This study employed a pre-experimental research design using a one group pretest-posttest approach. The population consisted of preschool children undergoing hospitalization at Inche Abdoel Moeis Regional General Hospital, Samarinda, with a total sample of 16 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using an anxiety assessment instrument before and after the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test due to non-normal data distribution. Result: The findings showed that the mean anxiety score decreased from 25.56 before the intervention to 21.68 after the intervention, with a significant value of 0.002. This shows a statistically significant reduction in anxiety levels following the intervention. Conclusion: Islamic storytelling audio-visual therapy has a significant effect in reducing anxiety levels among preschool children during hospitalization and can be considered an effective non-pharmacological nursing intervention.

Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Quality of Life in Post-Stroke Patients at the Mangkurawang Community Health Center

Anisa Duwi Putri, Thomas Ari Wibowo — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disability and affects various aspects of patients’ lives. Post-stroke patients often experience pain, physical limitations, and psychological changes that may lead to sleep quality disturbances. Post-stroke conditions also cause long-termimpacts on patients’ physical, psychological, and social well-being, such as limb weakness, balance disorders, and difficulty walking, which may ultimately affect quality of life. Sleep quality disturbances in post-stroke patients have the potential to worsen physical and psychological conditions, resulting in an overall decline in quality of life. To determine the relationship between sleep quality and quality of life in post-stroke patients. Method: This study employed a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 45 post-stroke patients selected using a total sampling technique. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while quality of life was assessed using the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life (SSQOL) questionnaire. Data were analyzed bivariately using the Spearman Rank correlation test. Result: The results showed that most respondents had poor sleep quality, with 33 respondents (71.1%), and poor quality of life, with 30 respondents (66.7%). The Spearman Rank correlation test revealed a p-value of 0.001 (< 0.05) and a correlation coefficient of 0.908. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between sleep quality and quality of life in post- stroke patients.

The Effect of Educational Videos on the Level of Hypertension Knowledge at the Muara Bangkahulu Community Health Center, Bengkulu City

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Hypertension is a chronic disease that is a major risk factor for global mortality. This study aims to analyze the effect of providing educational videos on the level of knowledge of hypertensive patients about health management and medication adherence. Method: A quasi-experimental study with a pre- test and post-test design was conducted on 55 respondents at the Muara Bangkahulu Community Health Center, Bengkulu City, from January to March 2026. Data were collected using the Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS) questionnaire consisting of 24 items. Result: Before the intervention, the majority of respondents were in the sufficient (69%) and poor (25%) knowledge categories, with an average score of 15.25. After the educational video was provided, there was a significant increase with the good category increasing to 27%, sufficient to 73%, and no more respondents in the poor (0%) category, with an average score increasing to 17.40. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed a p-value <0.001, indicating a very significant effect of education on increasing knowledge. A total of 53 respondents (96.4%) experienced an increase in knowledge after the intervention. Conclusion: In conclusion, educational videos have proven effective in improving the knowledge of hypertension patients, particularly regarding pharmacological adherence, healthy lifestyles, and understanding of disease complications. Recommendations include implementing ongoing education, using diverse media for different levels of education, and further research focusing on behavior change and long- term retention.

The Relationship Between Social Support And Independence Among Adolescents At The Bandung Salvation Army Orphanage

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: This study was motivated by the importance of social support as a key predictor of adolescent independence, particularly in orphanages. The aim was to empirically test the relationship between perceived social support and the level of independence among adolescents at the Bandung Salvation Army Orphanage. Method: The research employed a quantitative correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The population included all adolescent residents, and the total sampling technique was used, yielding a sample size of 33 respondents. Data collection utilized Likert scale questionnaires, consisting of 38 items for social support and 15 items for adolescent independence. Data analysis included Univariate analysis for descriptive statistics and Bivariate analysis using the Spearman’s rho correlation test to examine the hypothesis. Result: Univariate results indicated that the majority of adolescents reported experiencing insufficient social support (Not Supporting category), with the most pronounced deficit in appraisal support. Correspondingly, the overall level of adolescent independence skewed toward the Not Independent category. The bivariate analysis confirmed a highly significant positive relationship between social support and adolescent independence, evidenced by a significance value of p<0.001. Conclusion: that social support is statistically and significantly correlated with adolescent independence in the orphanage setting. Therefore, improving the quality of social support, especially appraisal support, is essential for optimizing the development of adolescent autonomy and self-reliance.

Journal Review: Analysis and Validation Using HPLC in the Analysis of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to treat inflammation and pain by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme, which reduces prostaglandin synthesis. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is an analytical technique widely applied for the determination of NSAIDs because it is capable of separating organic, inorganic, biological, and non-volatile compounds with high precision. Method: This study presents a literature review of 24 national and international publications obtained from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. The reviewed articles were evaluated based on HPLC instrumental parameters and validation, including the type of chromatographic column, mobile phase composition, flow rate, injection volume, detection wavelength, retention time, recovery, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). The method used was a literature review with a descriptive-qualitative approach. Result: The review results showed that all studies reported good analytical performance, with linearity values of r ≥ 0.99, recovery percentages in the range of 98–102%, and precision values with %RSD < 2%. LOD and LOQ values varied across studies, but all fell within the acceptable range according to the ICH Q2(R1) validation guidelines. Conclusion: These findings provide a comprehensive overview of the optimal chromatographic conditions for the analysis of various NSAID formulations using the HPLC method, and confirm that HPLC is an accurate, precise, and sensitive technique for determining NSAID concentrations.

Article Review: Identification of Secondary Metabolites Using the TLC-Densitometry Method

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: This review article discusses the identification and quantification of secondary metabolites using densitometric thin-layer chromatography (TLC) based on 24 journal articles published over the past ten years. The compounds analyzed include quercetin, catechins and their derivatives (EGCG), phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and various other secondary metabolites. Method: Based on the overall data, densitometric TLC is an effective method for the identification and quantification of secondary metabolites because it provides good separation, clear Rf values, and stable quantification results across various natural material matrices. Result: The results of the study indicate that silica gel 60 F254 and GF254 are the most commonly used stationary phases, while variations in the mobile phase are the primary factors influencing Rf values and separation resolution. In the quercetin group, Rf values ranged from 0.26 to 0.89, with the highest concentration in meniran at 3.5% and the lowest in cocoa beans at 0.115%. Conclusion: Analysis of catechins showed Rf values ranging from 0.22 to 0.60, with the highest content in avocado seeds at 25.55% and gambir at 25.50%, while EGCG in green tea had an Rf value of 0.21 and a content of 3.33%. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds exhibited Rf values ranging from 0.24 to 0.94, influenced by differences in polarity and solvent composition. Other secondary metabolites such as syringic acid, kaempferol, chlorogenic acid, eugenol, beta-sitosterol, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, myricetin, and rutin exhibited migration patterns consistent with their chemical properties.

The Relationship Between Sleep Quality and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Nursing Students at the Sumedang Campus of the Indonesia University of Education

Adelia Gian Phalosa, Ahmad Purnama, Imam Tri Sutrisno — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a global health issue with a steadily rising prevalence, including in Indonesia. Sleep quality is recognized as a factor that may influence the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, research examining the relationship between sleep quality and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young adults, particularly college students, remains limited. This study aims to analyze the relationship between sleep quality and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus among students in the Nursing Program at the University of Education Indonesia, Sumedang Campus. Method: This study employed a quantitative approach with an analytical observational design and a cross-sectional method. The study population consisted of 446 students, with a sample size of 294 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection was conducted using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire to assess sleep quality and the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) to measure the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rho correlation test. Result: A total of 294 students aged 18–25 years participated in this study, with the majority of respondents being female. The analysis results showed that all respondents had poor sleep quality. Nevertheless, the majority of respondents were in the low-risk category for type 2 diabetes mellitus, totaling 242 individuals (82.31%). The results of the Spearman’s rho test showed no significant association between sleep quality and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (p = 0.876; r = -0.009). Conclusion: There is no association between sleep quality and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among nursing students. These findings suggest that, in the young adult age group, sleep quality is not a dominant factor influencing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further research is recommended to examine other factors that may play a more significant role in the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Validity and Reliability of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Core Questionnaire Indonesia with the Rasch Model Approach

Heri Budiawan, Idhfi Marpatmawati, Yuyun Solihatin, Bayu Brahmantia — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an increasing public health concern in Indonesia, with many individuals remaining undiagnosed due to limited early detection strategies. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score is a non-invasive screening tool widely used to estimate the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, yet its Indonesian version has not been comprehensively evaluated using advanced measurement methods. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score using the Rasch Model to ensure its appropriateness for community-based screening. Method: A quantitative, non-experimental study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among adults aged over 20 years who visited a primary health care center in Tasikmalaya. Participants were selected using accidental sampling. Data were collected through the Indonesian version of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score questionnaire and analyzed using the Rasch Model to evaluate item fit, reliability, separation indices, and item difficulty hierarchy. Result : The findings showed high item reliability and strong item separation, indicating a stable and consistent hierarchy of diabetes risk factors. All items demonstrated acceptable fit to the Rasch Model, supporting the construct validity of the instrument. Conclusion: Although person reliability was relatively low, suggesting limited variability in respondent risk levels. Conclusion: Overall results confirm that the Indonesian version of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score is valid and reliable at the item level and suitable for identifying individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in community settings.

The Relationship Between Family Support and Patient Compliance in the Management of Diabetic Wounds at Griya Luka Pringsewu

Esa Artamevia, Hana Zumaedza Ulfa, Eko Wardoyo, Hardono — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that often leads to diabetic wounds requiring continuous and proper care. Patient adherence to wound care remains a challenge and may be influenced by family support. This study aimed to determine the relationship between family support and patient adherence in diabetic wound care. Method: This study employed a quantitative correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 60 patients with diabetic wounds, and 30 respondents were selected using quota sampling. Data were collected using family support and wound care adherence questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using the Gamma test. Result: The results showed a significant relationship between family support and patient adherence in diabetic wound care, with a p-value of 0.043 and a correlation coefficient of 0.609, indicating a strong positive relationship. Most respondents had a moderate level of adherence. Conclusion: Family support is significantly associated with patient adherence in diabetic wound care, and strong family support can improve patient adherence in performing wound care.

Nursing Care For Heart Failure with Nursing Intervention in The Form of Heart Diet Education For Chf Patients at Menggala Regional General Hospital

Sugiarto, Winda Afikirtiani, Rengga Saputra — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Backround and objective: Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) generally experience shortness of breath, which can cause a decrease in blood flow throughout the body. CHF patients can be treated by increasing contractility or systemic blood flow, providing rest time for patients, placing them in a semi-Fowler position, providing oxygen therapy as needed, reducing fluid and salt intake, and recording fluid balance. The subjects of this study were two patients who received treatment with a diagnosis of congestive heart failure (CHF) and experienced problems with decreased cardiac output. The complaint that occurred in both patients was shortness of breath due to impaired cardiac contractility, which caused lower cardiac output, resulting in decreased blood flow throughout the body. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of applying cardiac diet nursing interventions in CHF patients undergoing treatment. Result: The results of the assessment of two patients with CHF who were given nursing care with health education about a low-salt diet and collaborative therapy administration. Conclusion: CHF patients can be treated by identifying the primary signs and symptoms of decreased cardiac output, monitoring TTV, monitoring fluid balance, and providing nursing care with health education about a low-salt diet and collaborative therapy administration.

Biofeedback to Improve Heart Rate Variability in Patient with Coronary Artery Disease

Fidya Anisa Firdaus, Susi Susilawati — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Abstract Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Patients with CAD often experience decreased heart rate variability (HRV), reflecting an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system and associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Biofeedback is a non-pharmacological intervention that helps individuals control the body's physiological responses, such as heart rate and breathing, through real-time visual or auditory feedback. The purpose of this article is to examine the role of biofeedback in improving HRV in patients with CAD. Method: The writing method is based on the application of biofeedback as a complementary intervention in patients with CAD, with HRV monitoring before and after the intervention. Biofeedback is performed through controlled breathing exercises and focused relaxation at a specific duration and frequency. Result: The results of the application showed an increase in HRV values after biofeedback, indicating improved autonomic nervous system regulatory function and a reduced stress response. Conclussion: Biofeedback has the potential to be an effective and safe non-pharmacological intervention to improve HRV in patients with CAD and can be recommended as a complementary therapy in nursing practice and cardiac rehabilitation.

Benson Relaxation Technique to Reduce Pain in Patients After Transurethral Resection of the Prostate

Fidya Anisa Firdaus, Argi Virgona — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Pain is a common complaint among patients after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP). One non-pharmacological method that can be used is Benson relaxation, a relaxation technique that combines deep breathing with a belief system or focused words to induce a relaxation response. The purpose of this article is to examine the effectiveness of Benson relaxation in reducing pain levels in post-TURP patients. Method: The method used is a review of the application of Benson relaxation in post-TURP patients through an evidence-based nursing approach. Benson relaxation was performed regularly during the post-operative period for 10–15 minutes. Result: The results showed a decrease in pain intensity experienced by patients after Benson relaxation compared to before the intervention. Patients also demonstrated a more relaxed response, decreased muscle tension, and increased comfort. Conclussions: Benson relaxation is effective as a non-pharmacological therapy in helping reduce pain in post-TURP patients and can be recommended as a complementary nursing intervention.

Factors Affecting The Efficiency of Nurses Performance Using The Team Nursing Method in Hospitals: Systematic Literature Review

Jesica Catleya Hadi, Iyos Sutresna, Heri Ridwan — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background & Objective: Nurses’ performance efficiency plays a crucial role in supporting the quality of hospital services. One nursing care delivery method considered effective in improving nurses’ performance efficiency is the team nursing method, which emphasizes task distribution, coordination, and collaboration among nursing team members. This study aimed to identify the relationship between the implementation of the team nursing method and nurses’ performance efficiency in hospitals.

Method: This study employed a systematic literature review design with a scoping review approach. The reviewed articles were published between 2021 and 2025 and were obtained from the Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, PubMed, and Springer databases. Article selection was conducted using the PICOS framework, while the quality of the articles was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Tools.

Result: The results of the literature review indicate that the implementation of the team nursing method contributes positively to improving nurses’ performance efficiency through effective communication, good coordination, and strong support from hospital management.

Conclusion: The team nursing method can be recommended as a nursing management strategy to enhance nurses’ productivity and the quality of hospital services.